वाइफाइ कसरी सुरक्षित गर्ने

तपाईंको कम्प्युटर फाइलहरू र इन्टरनेट गतिविधि अनधिकृत पहुँच रोक्न आफ्नो वाईफाई जडान सुरक्षित गर्न महत्त्वपूर्ण छ। ताररहित सञ्जाल अत्यन्त सुविधाजनक छ, जसले गर्दा तारमा जडान नगरि इन्टरनेटमा पहुँच प्राप्त गर्न सकिन्छ। तर नेटवर्कहरू राउटरबाट ३०० फिटभन्दा लामो हुन सक्छन् जसले गर्दा आसपासका सबै मानिसहरूले तपाईंको गृह सञ्जालमा पहुँच प्राप्त गर्न सक्छन्।

थुप्रै कारणले गर्दा यो खतरनाक हुन्छ ।

  1. तपाईँको सञ्जालमा जडान गरिएको जो कोहीले पनि तपाईँको हार्ड ड्राइभ र अनलाइन गतिविधिमा पहुँच प्राप्त गर्न सक्छ, पासवर्ड र खाता नम्बर जस्ता निजी जानकारी ग्रहण गर्दछ ।
  2. तपाईंको नेटवर्कमा जडान गरिएको कम्प्युटरले भाइरस वा अन्य खतरनाक सफ्टवेयरहरू फैलाउन सक्छ।
  3. यदि कसैले तपाईंको WIFI प्रयोग गरेर अपराध गर्छ भने, यो क्रियाकलाप तपाईंको राउटरमा पत्ता लाग्नेछ।

identity theft"परिचय चोरी" धेरै प्रचलित भएको हुनाले, आफ्नो घरमा ताररहित सञ्जाल स्थापना गर्दा वा WIFI राख्दा र घरबाट टाढा हुँदा WIFI प्रयोग गर्दा सावधानी अपनाउनु महत्वपूर्ण हुन्छ।

चरण १: पूर्वनिर्धारित लगइन पासवर्ड वा प्रयोगकर्ता नाम परिवर्तन गर्नुहोस् "Change default login password or username"

एक पटक तपाईंको राउटर जडान भएपछि, तपाईं वेब-आधारित सेटअप पृष्ठ मार्फत आफ्नो राउटर सेटिङ पहुँच गर्न सक्नुहुनेछ।

  1. निर्माताले राउटर कन्फिगरेसनमा पहुँच प्राप्त गर्न लगइन र पासवर्ड भएको यूआरएल उपलब्ध गराउनेछ ।
  2. एक पटक तपाईँले आफ्नो राउटरका लागि यो पृष्ठमा पहुँच प्राप्त गरेपछि र पूर्वनिर्धारित पासवर्डसँग लगइन गरेपछि, तपाईँले आफ्नो पासवर्ड परिवर्तन गर्न सक्ने "प्रशासन" वा "सेटिङ" खण्ड फेला पार्नुहोस् ।
  3. पासवर्ड राख्दा अनुमान गर्न कठिन चयन गर्नुहोस्, र सङ्ख्याहरू, प्रतीकहरू र अक्षरहरूको मिश्रणसंग, भएको पासवर्ड राख्नुहोस र व्यक्तिगत जानकारी वा सामान्य शब्दहरू प्रयोग नगर्नुहोस्।
  4. "default login password or username" पूर्वनिर्धारितको रूपमा लगइन सूचना छोड्दा ह्याकरले सबै पूर्वनिर्धारित लगइनहरू मार्फत गएर सजिलै तपाईँको राउटर सेटिङमा पहुँच प्राप्त गर्न सक्छ ।

    चरण २: गुप्तिकरण प्रयोग गर्नुहोस् "Use Encryption"

    यहाँ दुई मुख्य प्रकारका Wireless Encryption छन्

    1. WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) यो एउटा पुरानो फारम हो र कम सुरक्षित छ, तर यदि यो तपाईंको राउटरमा मात्र उपलब्ध विकल्प हो भने, यो कुनै पनि encryption नहुनु भन्दा त राम्रो हो । 128-बिट WEP 64-bit WEP भन्दा राम्रो छ।
    2. WPA (WiFi Protected Access) WEP भन्दा बढी सुरक्षित र नयाँ छ, र अहिलेको सबै जसो मेसिनमा उपलब्ध छ। WPA3 सबैभन्दा नयाँ प्रकारको encryption हो, र सुरक्षाको उच्चतम स्तर प्रदान गर्दछ।
    3. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2), र Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3) ताररहित कम्प्युटर नेटवर्क हरू सुरक्षित गर्नWi-Fi Alliance द्वारा विकसित तीन सुरक्षा र सुरक्षा प्रमाणीकरण कार्यक्रमहरू हुन्। अनुसन्धानकर्ताहरूले अघिल्लो प्रणालीमा पत्ता लगाएका गम्भीर कमजोरीहरूको जवाफमा एलायन्सले यी कुराहरू परिभाषित गरेको थियो, वायर्ड इक्विपली प्राइभेसी (WEP)।

HOW TO SECURE WIFI

It’s important to secure your WiFi connection to prevent unauthorized access to your computer files and Internet activity. Wireless networks are extremely convenient, allowing access to the Internet without being connected to a cord. But networks can extend more than 300 feet from the router, allowing anyone in the vicinity to access your home network.

This is dangerous for several reasons.

  1. Anyone connected to your network can gain access to your hard drive and online activity, capturing private information like passwords and account numbers.
  2. Computers connected to your network can spread viruses or other dangerous software.
  3. If someone using your network commits a crime, the activity will be traced back to your router.

With identity theft being so prevalent, it’s important to take precautions when setting up a wireless network in your home and using one when you’re away from home.

Step 1: Change default login

Once your router is connected, you will be able to access your router settings through a web-based set up page.

  1. The manufacturer will provide a URL with a login and password to access the router configurations.
  2. Once you access this page for your router and log in with the default password, find the “administration” or “settings” section where you can change your password.
  3. Select a difficult to guess password, with a mix of numbers, symbols and letters, and don’t use personal information or common words.

Leaving the login information as the default allows hackers to easily gain access to your router settings by going through all default logins.

Step 2: Use Encryption

There are two main types of wireless encryption

  1. WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) is an older form and less secure, but if it’s the only available option on your machine, it’s better than not having any encryption. 128-bit WEP is better than 64-bit WEP.
  2. WPA (WiFi Protected Access) is more secure and newer than WEP, and is available on more current machines. WPA2 is the newest type, and provides the highest level of protection.

Step 3: Change SSID

The SSID (Service Set Identifier) is the name of your network. The manufacture sets a default identifier like the default administrative login for the router settings.

  1. While in your router’s web-based set up page, find your wireless settings.
  2. Find the field labeled SSID.
  3. Change it to a unique name.
  4. Do not use your address, company name, or other identifying names like “Shri Residence” or “Finance Department of ABC Company.”

Like the default logins/passwords, hackers know the default names of different manufacturer’s SSIDs and will be one step closer in getting onto your network.

Step 4: Disable broadcasting

Wireless networks will “broadcast” its SSID so any computer within range can see the available networks in the area. In order to access a wireless network, the SSID name and password needs to be entered. By broadcasting your SSID, you’re providing important access information to your network. Disable the broadcast option so someone needs to know both your SSID and password in order to get onto your network.

  1. You should be able to disable the SSID Broadcast on the same page you configure your SSID name.
  2. Select the option to disable or turn it off.

Step 5: Enable Mac filtering

Every computer has a MAC (Media Access Control) address. Limit access to your network by only allowing specific computers to connect to it.

  1. While in your router’s web-based set up page, find the Wireless section.
  2. Look for MAC filter.
  3. Enter the MAC addresses of the computers allowed on the network and make sure to enable, confirm, or turn it on.

Step 6: Reduce your WLAN transmitter power

You won’t find this feature on all wireless routers and access points, but some allow you lower the power of your WLAN transmitter and thus reduce the range of the signal. Although it’s usually impossible to fine-tune a signal so precisely that it won’t leak outside your home or business, with some trial-and-error you can often limit how far outside your premises the signal reaches, minimizing the opportunity for outsiders to access your WLAN.

Step 7: Disable remote administration

Most WLAN routers have the ability to be remotely administered via the Internet. Ideally, you should use this feature only if it lets you define a specific IP address or limited range of addresses that will be able to access the router. Otherwise, almost anyone anywhere could potentially find and access your router. As a rule, unless you absolutely need this capability, it’s best to keep remote administration turned off. (It’s usually turned off by default, but it’s always a good idea to check.)

Most hackers will target easy to crack and unsecured public networks. By taking these precautions, you can prevent the most common online security intrusions